Aida at Vienna State Opera

Nicolas Joel’s spectacular production of Verdi’s Aida has been wowing audiences at Vienna State Opera since 1984. The monumentally extravagant sets are probably no longer affordable at a time of cuts; and historically authentic reproductions, now unfashionable, replaced by minimalism. So this revival is a rare treat. But the opera isn’t just about spectacle, although commissioned and premiered in Cairo (1871). Verdi’s genius was to use the set of Aida to juxtapose intimate moments against vast crowd scenes : the protagonists’ loves are in conflict with their public duty.
So the opera begins (and ends) with pianissimo music, Act 1 beginning with Radames famous aria thus forgrounding the love interest. The army Captain Radames is at the centre of a love triangle: loved by both Amneris, King’s daughter, and the slave Aida. And like a Shakesperean tragic hero – Othello, Macbeth are also Verdi operas – a valiant man is dissipated, brought down by a fatal weakness. Radames cannot help loving Aida, who will be his downfall. Radames, in his opening aria, dreams of honour, and fame, and of Aida. Jorge de Leon, to a cello accompaniment, sings splendidly of the heavenly Aida, how he wishes to bring her to the blue skies of her native land. Ramades is a role demanding constant changes between the dramatic and lyrical (right up to the death scene): a tremendous vocal spectrum. De Leon hits thrilling high notes.
Amneris, (Olga Borodina, a very impressive mezzo), madly in love with Ramades, sings of rare joy: enviable the woman who can kindle such passion. She hears of his dream to be Commander: but was the dream not of something else ? She intuits, someone; her suspicions aroused when Ramades sees Aida. The trio (Aida, Amneris, Radames) immediately forefronts the love triangle. Amneris is seen with Aida (Kristin Lewis) , who’s always treated her as a sister rather than a slave.
Radames wants to know why Aida is crying: she’s ‘heard the cries of war’. But Aida’s tears give her away. She weeps for her beloved country. Now the spectacular entrance of the soldiers. The King (Janusz Monarcha) announces Egypt is invaded by the Ethiopians. The Chorus sing, ‘Let war and death be our battle cry!’; and celebrate Radames as Commander. Magnificent crowd scenes; Vienna State Opera chorus always excel in Verdi.
Aida, however, alone- in her key aria,’For whom do I weep’- sings of her dilemma. She is in the country of the foreigner. Her Radames is about to fight against her own people led by her father Amonasro. Kristin Lewis is short, dark- skinned , wearing a red and gold outfit, her ‘afro’ hair crowned by a gold head piece. Then, on her knees, she wishes Ramades death: yet loves him. What anguish; she cannot speak the words ‘father’ or ‘lover’. Kristin Lewis is truly moving -inspired casting. But then Lewis has sung the role of Aida internationally countless times: although her first time in Vienna, now her home. And, first night, she earned a tremendous ovation.
Act 2 ,featuring the confrontation between Amneris and Aida, opens to a sensational set – gold-headed maidens like swans, with Amneris being dressed to celebrate the Egyptians’ victory. Olga Borodina has considerable presence, and in her aria ‘My love come and intoxicate me; make me happy’ longingly anticipates Radames. But she’s tormented by uncertainty: must know if Aida is her rival. She will unlock her secret. In their duet, Amneris empathises with Aida’s grief: offers Aida, far from home, everything to make her happy. ‘Tell me your secret: is there a brave warrior amongst your defeated people?’ Then, the bombshell: ‘Radames was killed by your people’…’You love him. Look at me!’
Lewis’ Aida is now centre stage.’You keep lying! You love him ! The daughter of the Pharoahs is your rival’. Then Amneris (Borodina) retracts, has pity for Aida – wretched, let your heart break.’This love will be your death.’ Amneris will be celebrating on the victory march: she, Aida, will lie in the dust. Aida, alone, pleads, ‘Oh gods have pity on my sufferings’- Lewis outstanding.

But in the victory march (Act 2, scene 1), the Chorus (and such a chorus!) sing ‘Glory to Egypt and Isis, and to the King, all in gold, carried on high by bearers. The fabulous spectacle is truly breathtaking; but this is the public show. The heart of the opera is in the love-torn protagonists. A ballet is performed centre stage -the women made up in gold, virtually nude, the men, black-skinned, in gold and black outfits, gold headgear- the Egyptian Court side stage.
So ‘Come brave warrior!’ Radames, offered a wreath of victory, is saluted by the King as Egypt’s saviour. The King ‘will grant him any wish’. But which, ironically, Ramades cannot reveal: his secret, Aida, the slave girl. Ramades requests the prisoners be brought before them.
In a key scene – a characteristic Verdian moment – Aida sees her father , King Amonasro, (white-haired Markus Marquardt),who begs her not to betray him. Amonasro, concealing his identity, pleads the King’s clemency for the Ethiopian captives. ‘Today this is our fate : tomorrow it might be yours’- Verdi’s (often repeated) humane message. The Chorus of soldiers demands ‘destroy them’ -singing in counterpoint to the slaves, centre stage, pleading leniency. Radames asks for the freedom of the prisoners; only Aida and her father remain as hostages.
And now, to the jubilation of the crowds, the King offers Ramades his daughter in marriage. Both the crowd’s and Amneris raised hopes are bitterly ironic, given the private truth.
Fathers and daughters divided between patriarchal loyalty and opposing lovers. A Verdian theme. The King- prior to Amneris’ marriage to Radames- tells her Isis reads into the heart of mortals: their secret wishes. Amneris- wonderfully sung by Borodina- prays Radames will love her with all his heart. Meanwhile, Lewis’s Aida, shrouded in black, awaits Radames. Her aria, to an oboe introduction, laments ‘O fatherland, I shall never see you again’-a familiar motif in Verdi- the skies and breezes of the land of her youth. Lewis reaches powerful high notes. Her father, Amonasro will prise her from her lover- reminding her of her loyalty to him and her country. Father, have pity, she pleads.’You call yourself my daughter! The dead will curse you.’ What a price for her to pay.
When at last reunited with Radames Aida is ambivalent. She reminds him he’s bethrothed to another, of his vow. Is he not afraid of Amneris’ power? Then, let them flee. Aida asks him to go to a foreign land.- But how can he forget his fatherland, the country where he won fame?- Now she taunts him, he doesn’t love her, unless he’s prepared for exile. He accepts: they’ll be united in her fatherland.
Amonasro has been listening in. She’s betrayed Radames. Amonasro offers him a throne, but Radames realises he’s betrayed his country. The trio is powerfully rendered. Radames gives himself up to the guards, for revealing the Egyptians’ plans.
Thus the tragic hero has sunk to his nemesis.’Traitors must die!’. Yet Amneris, in her aria, still loves him ; if he loved her she would save him. But Radames would rather die than never see Aida again. ‘For her, I betrayed my fatherland and honour’– de Leon powerful, with terrific delivery on high notes- ‘May Aida know I died for her’. He has no fear of his people’s anger: he’s lost. Amneris, in her aria, blames herself, desperately pleads Radames’ innocence. In counterpoint the Choir chant, he betrayed his fatherland.
In the finale- Aida secreted into Radames’ tomb- Aida /Radames duet attests to the self-delusion of love. She’s too lovely to die. (The angel of death will open heaven..) They’re buried alive, but intoxicated in their passion. They’re defiant, staring out (of their stone bunker).The opera ends as it began with pianissimo strings; private happiness sacrificed to war. Vienna State Opera orchestra and choir, conducted authoratively by veteran Pinchas Steinberg, justified a fine cast. And those sets! PR 12.03.2013
Photos: Kristin Lewis (Aida); Jorge de Leon (Radames); Olga Borodina (Amneris); Janusch Monarcha (King); Kristin Lewis and Markus Marquardt (Amonasro)
(c) Wiener Staatsoper/ Michael Pöhn

Mozart’s Don Giovanni

At Vienna State Opera,Jean-Louis Martinoty’s production of Don Giovanni is controversial-a pastiche of 18th Century with the modern. But Mozart’s opera (Da Ponte’s libretto) is still so modern and relevant, why not use technical resources to communicate it? Don Giovanni is an anti-hero whose exploits entertain us. His victims give a running commentary, but Mozart withholds judgement- only implied in Giovanni’s unrepentant end. Machismo and its consequences are what the opera is about: still shockingly relevant to a 21st Century world where a medical student can be raped on Delhi public transport, and men daily abuse their social power over women. Mozart doesn’t glorify Giovanni,but rather problematises our sneaking admiration for his nerve and boldness.
Don Giovanni (Ildira Abdrazakov) first appears all in black, tight pants, t-shirt, black mask – like a house breaker- in a clinch with Donna Anna, in a lilac silk gown. His accomplice Leporello (Erwin Schrott), Giovanni’s servant, fashionably long hair, also in black, is waiting ‘outside’. But why has Donna Anna (Marina Rebeka) allowed her seducer into her room, (as implied in this production?) She panics, her calls for help answered by her father, the Commandant, who is killed by Giovanni in a sword fight. In this world of machismo chivalry, Don Ottavio (Toby Spence), her fiancee, swears vengeance. Giovanni’s misfired escapade and its consequences are a defining moment in the drama. Giovanni is stalked by his avengers. ‘My heart is full of love and revenge’, sing Donna Anna and Ottavio; but they’re ineffectual (until joined by Donna Elvira, Giovanni’s jilted fiancee.)
Giovanni and Leperello are like a couple of likely lads chalking up their sexual conquests. We now see Giovanni in black leather coat, high boots, long hair tied back: very sexy. They’re having fun. Leporello (Schrott) does more than assist his master; he shares in the spoils.
In Martinoty’s scheme, Giovanni chances on Donna Elvira in a hotel reception, Veronique Gens – short black-haired, wearing a dark purple business suit, white shirt and tie- is the ‘feminist’ professional. Soprano Gens, recently acclaimed here as Alceste, impresses in her aria, ‘where is the villain who betrayed my trust?’ Meanwhile, Giovanni is weighing up the chambermaids. What does he have to say after such behaviour? He violated the most sacred bond, leaving her, and her tears. (She talks like a story book, quips Giovanni.) Now can she have her revenge? Giovanni scornful, Abdrazakov has a devilishly contemptuous laugh. Leporello’s advice is,’ the square isn’t a circle’.
In a stunningly effective staging- with women in the background arranging a wedding reception- Leporello’s catalogues the ladies Don Giovanni has conquered. In Leporello’s famous aria, Giovanni ‘loves the blonde ones for their kindness, the dark ones for their faithfulness, the pale ones for their gentleness.’ Soon the ladies are flicking through annuals of Giovanni’s exploits, laid out on a table. One of them gets up on a chair as if to test her suitability. Irwin Schrott, bass-baritone, has a rich timbre, but maybe here a little ponderous. ‘As soon as he sees a skirt, you know what’s on his mind’, should be more animated. But Schrott, ended with a deep sexy purr, to great applause.
At Zerlina and Massetto’s wedding reception, Abdrazakov arrives like a rock superstar on an Italian tour. But Giovanni exercises, and abuses, his seugneural rights in a bid for Zerlina. ‘Go take them to my palace, offer them chocolates, wines, hams’, he orders. Zerlina (Sylvia Schwartz) and Masetto (Tae-Joon Yong) are both in brilliant white, Abdrazakov in sexy black leather. But Masetto knows his place-‘I understand , sir, and will do as bid’- but privately, curses ‘wretched Zerlina who’s always been his downfall.’ He knows ‘the gentleman will make a lady of you’. Giovanni, close up to Zerlina, is ‘finally rid of that idiot’.
Schwartz, well-tanned, long flowing hair, has a fulsome, curvaceous figure. Abdrazakov, is a powerful bass, but lyrical in his seduction. She shakes her head, but her body tells otherwise. Schwartz is beguiling; he strokes her arm, moving to Mozart’s light, bouncing strings. The ‘morality police’ come just in time. Elvira, Veronique Gens now dressed in a brilliant heliotrope gown, pleads with Zerlina: learn from my sorrow, or you will suffer the same plight.
To ruin Giovanni’s day, they’re joined by Donna Anna and Ottavio. Elvira’s ‘You can see how black his soul is by just looking at his face!’ is countered by Giovanni’s, ‘Be more discreet’. The music is very civilised on the surface: phantoms overshadow the calm waters. ‘Ottavio!’ Donna Anna feels faint as she recognises Giovanni, he who killed her father. (As Anna and Ottavio, Rebeka and Spence are ideal together – the same height, blonde, innocents.) ‘He intended to rob me of my honour, but robbed me of my father!’ She begs Ottavio to avenge her: remember the blooded wounds.
Marina Rebeka, good as Anna, has an aura of innocence, but the power, the sense of outrage is lacking. As Don Ottavio, Toby Spence, front stage, is playing with his sword. But Ottavio is a case of failed machismo. He finds it hard to conceive of a nobleman committing such a crime. He’s meek: all rhetoric.’When he sighs, he sighs wih her, when she’s angered..'(Dalla sua pace) It’s beautifully sung, but rather colourless. Spence is a handsome, but slight figure: no match for Abdrazakov’s scheming Machiavellian Don Giovanni. If he’s the alternative, no wonder women find excitement elsewhere.
Giovanni, still with designs on Zerlina, arranges a banquet to separate the married couple, the masqued entertainment brilliantly staged. A triangular peep-hole, reveals Leporello and Giovanni bewigged in 18th Century costumes. The stage opens up to a ‘film-set’ wardrobe- rails of costumes, behind which Giovanni secretes Zerlina. Masetto slaps Zerlina; sings, she accepts his blows like a lamb. He can scratch her eyes out, but she can see he doesn’t have the heart to do it.
Front of stage, appropriately filled with disguises, Giovanni, machismo self-publicist, delivers his signature tune (Finch’ han dal vino); boasts, it’s all a joke. He likes a good time. Abdrazakov is dressed in a white frock coat, richly gold-trimmed . The intrigues are cleverly suggested by a mirrored split-screen. Masetto observes Giovanni fondling Zerlina. The three avengers infiltrate, ‘strengthen their resolve’, kneeling, facing the audience, behind them the celebrations. But publicly, they acknowledge the Don’s hospitality. Abrazakov’s Giovanni, in dazzling white, in an outrageous feathered hat, arrogantly exudes power. The ultimate in extravagant spectacle, were there flashes in the audience?
In the darker Act 2, Giovanni, with callous cynicism, switches clothes with Leporello to woo Elvira’s maid. Leporello (Schrott)- after courting Elvira disguised in Giovanni’s frock-coat- reproaches Giovanni, ‘you must have a heart of steel’. But Abdrazakov is wonderfully tender, (accompanied by blind lutist), serenading the maid beneath her window. He’s a scoundrel, but such a charmer. Then, still dressed as Leporello, briefs Masetto how to ambush his master. Only to beat up Masetto , who’s after all, planning to depose his aristocratic seigneur. Schwartz, very good in Zerlina’s famous aria Vedrai, carino eases Masetto’s pain with love ‘a balm she always carries with her.’
Leporello unmasked- they’ve been duped again- Gens is outstanding in Elvira’s aria, confessing she still loves the Don, in spite of the murders he’s been involved in. What conflicting emotions! The ungrateful man has betrayed her. And yet she pities him, her heart filled with apprehension. Wearing a dark purple robe- holding up Giovanni’s frock coat- Gens is most affecting . Also when, finally in nun’s garb, Elvira tries to persuade Giovanni to change his life. His mockery earns her prescient’ May you rot in your decadence!’.
In another key scene, Donna Anna upbraids Ottavio, still promising revenge. Crudele She pleads: forget your tribulations -if you don’t want me to die of grief. Rebeka was enthousiastically applauded.
In the effectively staged come-uppance, Giovanni, who unwittingly invites the Commandant’s spectre to dinner, is at first unphased. He will not repent. His limbs are shaking, but he’s defiant.’Nobody has ever called me coward!’ It’s all about machismo, misplaced honour: ‘my heart knows no fear: so be it!’ ‘Repent, never!
Although Giovanni’s avengers stand in judgement, Giovanni, who’s blighted their lives, lives to haunt them. Ottavio pleads with Donna Anna to give in to his marriage entreaties, but she requests another year. They sing, ‘my long wait must yield’, but their fate is problematic. Elvira will end her life in a nunnery. And Leporello will find a better master. Yet the ensemble front stage sing ‘All wrongdoers will meet with such an end; the sinner’s wrong punished after his death.’ As if Mozart/Da Ponte are paying lip-service to the Catholic Church. Martinoty’s stage back-drop, however, shows an ‘Enlightenment’ sky, with a statue resembling Romantic hero Caspar-Friedrich. Mozart specialist Louis Langree ably conducted Vienna State Opera orchestra and choir.
PDR 10.O3.2013
Photos: Marina Rebeka (Donna Anna); Ildar Abdrazakov (Don Giovanni) and Erwin Schrott (Leporello); Ildar Abdrazakov and Sylvia Schwartz (Zerlina); Ildar Abdrazakov (Don Giovanni); Veronique Gens (Donna Elvira)
(c) Wiener Staatsoper/ Michael Poehn